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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*bun- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become mad, foolish 2 mad, crazy 3 to become old, senile face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà, ãëóïåòü 2 ñóìàñøåäøèé, ñëàáîóìíûé 3 äðÿõëåòü face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 1, mun|qul 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 1, munduz 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"buna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"munu- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 'to go astray' face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 'go astray, lose one's way' face="Times New Roman Star"mun|g|aq 'resentful', myny- 3 (Todz?.), mun| dial. 2 (< *mun-k?) face="Times New Roman Star"bun- 'to be tired, dissatisfied', bunaq 'senile person' face="Times New Roman Star"buna- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"munax 'irrational' (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 514, EDT 348, 768, 769, ÎÑÍß 3, 53, Stachowski 181. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo":n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 stupid, foolish 2 to go mad face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãëóïûé 2 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n- 2 (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n 1 (cf. also mu":n 'timidity') face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 53, 55. In ÝÑÒß 7 and VEWT 343-344 confused with other similar roots: *bu"n 'defect', *bun- 'madness' (q. v. sub *mu\ne , *mu/nu ). face="Times New Roman Star"*jAmac? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"side of a mountain face="Times New Roman Star"ñêëîí ãîðû face="Times New Roman Star"jamac? face="Times New Roman Star"jamac?, jamaz?| (R, Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jamaz?| face="Times New Roman Star"jamac? (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jamac? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, ÝÑÒß 4, 111. face="Times New Roman Star"*jy:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"skin, body face="Times New Roman Star"êîæà, òåëî face="Times New Roman Star"jyn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jyn (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"si:n face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, EDT 941, Ëåêñèêà 266-267. face="Times New Roman Star"*asyg face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"profit face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèáûëü, âûãîäà face="Times New Roman Star"asyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"asyg| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"asy face="Times New Roman Star"asy (IM ), assyg| (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. as go"r- 'to help' face="Times New Roman Star"dial. assy face="Times New Roman Star"ozú face="Times New Roman Star"as face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 29, ÝÑÒß 1, 196-197, Åãîðîâ 277, Ëåêñèêà 344, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 290-291. Turk. > Mong. asig| > Man. ajsi (TMN 2, 58-59, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 102). face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.m- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 groin 2 pubic hair face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàõ 2 âîëîñû â ïàõó face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz (MK ) 1, jamdu (MK ) 2 (EDT: jemdu") face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jamys (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jambuz 1 (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"janbyz 'side, hip' face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"symys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|amyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 935, 940, ÝÑÒß 4, 110-111. Turk. > MMong. (MA ) z?|amiz (Ùåðáàê 1997 , 122). face="Times New Roman Star"*e.l/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to walk, trot, amble face="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòü, áðåñòè, åõàòü èíîõîäüþ face="Times New Roman Star"es?- (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"es?- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"a"s?t- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"es?- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"is?- face="Times New Roman Star"is- face="Times New Roman Star"is- face="Times New Roman Star"ies?- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 255, ÝÑÒß 1, 316, Stachowski 129. face="Times New Roman Star"*jom (?/*jon|) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 weed face="Times New Roman Star"1 òîðô 2 ñîðíÿê face="Times New Roman Star"jon| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/om 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 206, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 135. Cf. also *jom-suk, *jom-sul 'weed, moss' (ÝÑÒß 4, 231, with a variety of dialectal reflexes: Tur. josun, jomsuk, Chag. josun, Kum. jansaw etc.). Turk. > Hung. gyom 'weed', see MNyTESz 1, 1132. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"c?u"k- (?) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"beautiful, handsome face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñèâûé, ìèëûé face="Times New Roman Star"u"c?u"gej face="Times New Roman Star"u"c?u"gej face="Times New Roman Star"Stachowski 248. Despite VEWT 518, hardly < Mong. o"c?u"ken 'small' (which has quite a different origin, see *n|o:/jc?u. face="Times New Roman Star"*jam face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"post station face="Times New Roman Star"ïî÷òîâàÿ ñòàíöèÿ face="Times New Roman Star"jam (late OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jam (Red.) face="Times New Roman Star"jam (possibly from Russian) face="Times New Roman Star"jam (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 183, EDT 933. Turk. > MMong. z?|am 'post station', WMong. z?|am 'way, street, road' (hardly vice versa; see the discussion in Ùåðáàê 1997 , 195). Mong. > Man. g/amun, Nan. jamoDoerfer MT 142 (with a strange initial reflex, suggesting rather an unattested Mong. variant *jam; Chinese origin suggested by Doerfer TMN 4, 110-118 is improbable - for purely phonetical reasons: the actual Middle Chinese form was not "*g\am oder a"hnlich", as suggested ibid., but face="Times New Roman Star"*jol/a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"red clay face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíàÿ ãëèíà face="Times New Roman Star"jos?a (SDD ) face="Times New Roman Star"jus?a (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"joz?o face="Times New Roman Star"soho face="Times New Roman Star"z?|os?o face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 128, ÝÑÒß 4, 31. Turk. > MMong. (MA ) z?|us?a, WMong. z?|osa 'red clay, red earth' (rather than vice versa, despite VEWT 128 - although forms with -s- like Kaz., KKalp. z?osa are reborrowed from Mong.). face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:n(u)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to threaten face="Times New Roman Star"óãðîæàòü face="Times New Roman Star"jan- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jan- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jana-, dial. janu- face="Times New Roman Star"jan- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|onu- face="Times New Roman Star"jany- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n-z?|a- 'to reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"sa:n- face="Times New Roman Star"jana- face="Times New Roman Star"z?an-, z?an|-, z?|any-, zany- face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 942, ÝÑÒß 4, 114, Ëåêñèêà 564. Turk. > WMong. z?|anu-, Kalm. zan- (KW 466). The Turkm. form is related to *jenc?- 'crush' in ÝÑÒß 185; the latter has also a variant *janc?-, and the Turkm. form may in fact reflect a contamination of these two roots. face="Times New Roman Star"*A:l face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"red, scarlet face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíûé, àëûé face="Times New Roman Star"al (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"al (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al (Pav. C. , Houts. ), al 'bright red' (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"a:l face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"al face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 94-95, ÝÑÒß 1, 125-126. A loanword in Russ. àëûé. face="Times New Roman Star"*jem-u"r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to crush, destroy 2 to curse, reproach face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ïîðèöàòü, óïðåêàòü face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- (OUygh.) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jemu"r- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|imer- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jimir-, ju"mu"r- (R., Áóä. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jimir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"mu"r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"nebir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir-, d/emir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|m@w|r- 2, 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?emir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|emir- 2, 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemer- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?emir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937, VEWT 197, ÝÑÒß 4, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 210. The meaning 'crush, destroy, widespread in modern languages, must be a secondary development from the original more abstract 'harm' (whence also 'curse, reproach'). face="Times New Roman Star"*u:c?a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rump 2 back 3 loins, buttocks face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðåñòåö 2 ñïèíà 3 çàäíèöà, ÿãîäèöû face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a 'hip' face="Times New Roman Star"u>c?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a (AH ), uc?a (AH , Pav. C. ) 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a, uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u:z?|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|z?|@w| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|un|ax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"uz?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"us?a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u>sa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 20, ÝÑÒß 1, 566-567. The Yak. form has an irregular -z?|-. face="Times New Roman Star"*ojma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 felt out of which boots are made 2 leather or skin bag face="Times New Roman Star"1 âîéëîê äëÿ ñàïîã 2 êîæàíûé ìåøîê face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 273 (but derivation from Uj- 'squeeze', supported also by Clark 1977 , 159, is highly dubious because of external parallels). face="Times New Roman Star"*ol/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of plant face="Times New Roman Star"âèä ðàñòåíèÿ face="Times New Roman Star"ozyj 'âîë÷üå ëûêî' face="Times New Roman Star"ozyj 'âîë÷üå ëûêî' (Kond.), yzy '÷åðíîòàë' (Mras.) face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|ld@w|ren 'nettle' face="Times New Roman Star"*Kusyk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"nut face="Times New Roman Star"îðåõ face="Times New Roman Star"qusyq 'pine kernel' (ML) face="Times New Roman Star"xuzux face="Times New Roman Star"qusuq face="Times New Roman Star"qu'suq face="Times New Roman Star"quzuq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 667, TMN 3, 475, ÝÑÒß 6, 23-24. face="Times New Roman Star"*bia:t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"swift, quick face="Times New Roman Star"áûñòðûé face="Times New Roman Star"bat (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bat (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'suddenly' face="Times New Roman Star"bat (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo|t face="Times New Roman Star"pat face="Times New Roman Star"ba:da 'at once' face="Times New Roman Star"pid@ ( < *pu"d@?) 'most, very' face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'extremely' face="Times New Roman Star"bat face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 65, EDT 296, Åãîðîâ 162, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 437. face="Times New Roman Star"*ugu- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tinder face="Times New Roman Star"òðóò face="Times New Roman Star"úw|vúw| face="Times New Roman Star"Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 147.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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